Almanac of law. Issue 15 (2024), pages 104–110.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2024-15-104-110

Malysheva N. R.
Martial Law in Ukraine and Emergency Legal Regimes associated with Environmental Consequences

In this article the emergency legal regimes, the possibility of introduction of which in Ukraine is fully or partially associated with large-scale environmental consequences which can be eliminated or minimized only with the onset of a special period in the functioning of state, public, civil and other structures are analyzed. The author examines the legal regulation of martial law, the state of emergency and the environmental emergency zone in a comparative legal manner: the procedure for introducing all three legal regimes, the differences regarding the grounds and purpose of establishment; temporal and territorial frameworks of their possible action; regarding the content of the ecologically oriented measures provided for by them are analyzed. The current legislation of Ukraine does not clearly regulate the possibility of simultaneous introduction of several special regimes if there are formal environmental and legal grounds for this. A comparative analysis of the respective legal regimes allows us to draw an unambiguous conclusion in this regard: declaring a certain territory of Ukraine an environmental emergency zone is not appropriate and possible until martial law is terminated in that territory. This is due to the conflicting nature of the respective legal regimes, as well as the hierarchy of their objectives, main tasks and content. The unconditional priority should be given to martial law, the introduction of which is related to averting threats, repelling armed aggression and ensuring national security and independence of Ukraine. At the same time, if there are formal grounds for the introduction of an emergency zone in the territory where the martial law already operates, urgent measures for environmental rehabilitation and elimination of dangerous consequences for the environment should be organized and implemented within the existing regime. All these issues should be regulated in the legislation on special legal regimes.

Key words: emergency (special) legal regime, martial law, environmental emergency zone, state of emergency.

References

1. Kohut O. V. Do pytannia pro pravovyi rezhym voiennoho stanu. Publishing House «Baltija Publishing». DOI
   https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-223-4-146. URL: http://www.baltijapublishing.lv/omp/index.php/bp/
   catalog/download/237/6365/13401-1?inline=1
2. Topolnitskyi V. V., Tychna B. M. Problemy pravovoho rehuliuvannia poniat «voiennyi stan», «stan viiny» ta
   «voiennyi chas». Pravova pozytsiia. 2019. № 4 (25). S. 91–99.
3. Marusiak O. V. Problemy implementatsii osoblyvykh pravovykh rezhymiv v Ukraini na prykladi vvedennia
   voiennoho stanu v 2018 rotsi. Tsentr polityko-pravovykh reform. Retrieved from: https://pravo.org.ua/ wpcontent/uploads/2022/01/Marusyak.-Problemy-implementatsiyi-osoblyvyh-pravovyh-rezhymiv.pdf
4. Slavko A. S. Obmezhennia prav i svobod liudyny i hromadianyna za umov dii rezhymu voiennoho stanu:
   porivnialno-pravovyi aspekt. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia Pravo. 2016.
   Vyp. 41 (2). S. 74–78.
5. Kuznichenko S. O. Nadzvychaini administratyvno-pravovi rezhymy: zarubizhnyi dosvid ta ukrainska model:
   monohr. Vyd. 2-he. Odesa: ODUVS, 2011. 324 s.
6. Popovchuk S. Mistse ta rol administratyvno-pravovykh rezhymiv v Ukraini. Naukovi zapysky Lvivskoho
   universytetu biznesu ta prava. 2009. Vyp. 2. S. 7.
7. Komarnytskyi V. M. Pravovyi rezhym zon nadzvychainykh ekolohichnykh sytuatsii v Ukraini: Avtoref. dys.
   kand. yuryd. nauk: spets. 12.00.06 zemelne pravo; ahrarne pravo; ekolohichne pravo; pryrodoresursne pravo.
   Kyiv, 2002. 20 s.
8. Yerofeiev M. I. Vdoskonalennia administratyvno-pravovoho zabezpechennia tekhnohenno-ekolohichnoi
   bezpeky. Derzhavno-pravova reforma v Ukraini: Materialy naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii. Kyiv, 2016. S.
   209–216; Yerofeiev M. I. Spivvidnoshennia pravovykh rezhymiv nadzvychainoho stanu ta zony nadzvychainoi
   ekolohichnoi sytuatsii. Visnyk Luhanskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav imeni E. O. Didorenka.
   2018. T. 81. Vyp 1.
9. Biriukova N. M. Peredumovy stanovlennia rezhymu zony nadzvychainoi ekolohichnoi sytuatsii v Ukraini.
   Uchenye zapysky Tavrycheskoho natsyonalnoho unyversyteta ymeny V. Y. Vernadskoho. Seryia «Iurydycheskye
   nauky». Tom 23 (62). № 2. 2010. S. 239–245.
10. Kravchuk M. Iu. Rol administratyvno-pravovoho rezhymu nadzvychainoi ekolohichnoi sytuatsii yak
    orhanizatsiino-pravovoho instrumentu protydii bioteroryzmu. Prykarpatskyi yurydychnyi visnyk. Vyp. 1 (22).
    T. 2. 2018. S. 238–242.
11. Pro oboronu Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 06.12. 1991 (z nastupnymy zminamy). URL: https://zakon.rada. gov.
    ua/laws/show/1932-12#Text
12. Pro pravovyi rezhym voiennoho stanu: Zakon Ukrainy vid 12.05.2015 (z podalshymy zminamy). URL: https://
    zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389-19#Text
13. Pro pravovyi rezhym nadzvychainoho stanu: Zakon Ukrainy vid 16.03.2000 (z podalshymy zminamy). URL:
    https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1550-14#Text
14. Pro okhoronu navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha: Zakon Ukrainy vid 25.06.1991 (z nastupnymy
    zminamy). URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1264-12#Text
15. Pro zonu nadzvychainoi ekolohichnoi sytuatsii: Zakon Ukrainy vid 13.07.2000 (z nastupnymy zminamy).
    URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1908-14#Text
16. Pro vvedennia voiennoho stanu v Ukraini: Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy vid 24.02.2022 (z nastupnymy zminamy).
    URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/64/2022#Text
17. Pro zatverdzhennia Ukazu Prezydenta Ukrainy «Pro prodovzhennia stroku dii voiennoho stanu v Ukraini»:
    Zakon Ukrainy vid 06.02. 2024. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3564-20#Text
18. EkoZahroza: ofitsiinyi resurs Mindovkillia. URL: https://ecozagroza.gov.ua/news/140
19. Malysheva N. R. Vidshkoduvannia shkody za ekolohichni zlochyny RF v Ukraini: shukaty pretsedenty chy
    stvoriuvaty yikh? Ekoloho-pravova bezpeka suverennoi derzhavy v umovakh voiennoho stanu: materialy
    nauk.-prakt. onlain-konferentsii (Kharkiv, 8 hrud. 2022 r.) / za zah. red. A. P. Hetmana; MON Ukrainy, Nats.
    yuryd. Un-t im. Yaroslava Mudroho. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2022. 390 s. S. 120–125.

Nataliya Rafaelivna Malysheva,
Leading Researcher
of the Department of Agrarian, Land,
Environmental and Space Law
of the V. M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Doctor of Law, Professor,
Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Honored Lawyer of Ukraine
ORCID: 0000-0001-6630-227X