Almanac of law. Issue 15 (2024), pages 170–175.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2024-15-170-175

Dzeiko Zh. O.
Technical and legal rules of formulating footnotes in laws: theoretical and legal aspects

The purpose of this article is a theoretical and legal study of the problems of formulating notes in laws in the context of the application of legislative techniques. Results of the study: the author proposed the basic technical and legal rules for formulating notes in laws. The expediency of using notes in laws is determined by their main function: notes are aimed mainly at specifying the rules of law enshrined in laws. The note in the law is «accompanying» in relation to the rule of law and therefore the content of the note should not go beyond the relevant rule of law. The notes should contain atypical legal provisions that are part of the rule of law, but not independent classical models of the rules of law. The use of notes is necessary when: the laws use ambiguous terms and are required to establish in what sense the term is used in this act; taking into account the purposes of the law being designed, the corresponding concept is specific; it is required to give an official definition of the evaluation concept; it is necessary to clarify various terms, sizes, etc. Notes in the laws should be used only when necessary, however, if possible, it is advisable to avoid their application, not to abuse them. It is advisable not to create too large in volume notes, not to include a few notes in the article of the law, not to use a note to many articles of the law. The use of line notes is not valid. The best option for fixing the relevant provisions of the law is the creation of independent articles or their placement directly in the text of the structural unit to which they relate. When constructing notes-lists in laws, if necessary, it is advisable to indicate whether all its constituent elements or only one or several of the listed are included in the scope of the concept to be defined. If there is a need, it should be indicated whether the components of the list are equivalent or located by priority. The use of exception notes is unacceptable, since the deviation from the general rule formulated in the note actually becomes an independent rule of law, and even more so, is an exception to this rule. The author made a general conclusion that in the field of application of technical and legal rules, the formulation of notes in laws requires a system-wide approach.

Key words: law, legislative technique, means and rules of legislative technique, rules of law, law structure, article of law, footnote.

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Zhanna Oleksandrivna Dzeiko,
Professor of the Department of Theory and History of Law and State
Teaching and Scientific Institute of Law
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,
Doctor of Law, Professor
ORCID: 0000-0002-2644-8474