Almanac of law. Issue 15 (2024), pages 285–290.
DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2024-15-285-290
Kravchuk I. І. , Khotska A. R.
Peculiarities of the legal regulation of blood donation and blood components in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law
The presented article identifies the peculiarities of the legal regulation of blood donation and blood components in the conditions of the right-wing martial law regime, the need to study which is due to a sharp increase in the demand for blood transfusions for military personnel and civilians who suffer from military actions. At the same time, hostilities on a large territory of Ukraine, mass displacement of the population from the occupied and frontline territories, as well as significant destruction of the infrastructure hinder the organization of blood donation. Therefore, effective legal regulation of blood donation is necessary to ensure national security in today’s conditions.
The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of the legal regulation of blood donation and blood components in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law, as well as directions for its improvement. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were defined, namely: to define the concept of blood donation and its components according to the current legislation of Ukraine; to investigate the rights of blood donors in Ukraine and the procedure for receiving material compensation for the donation procedure; determine absolute and temporary contraindications to donating blood and its components; determine the benefits provided to blood donors; identify problems of donating blood and its components; determine the regulatory and legal basis of blood donation. In addition, emphasize the importance of donating blood and blood components in conditions of martial law; analyze guarantees for donors; to analyze the statistics of blood donation and blood components in Ukraine before and after the full-scale invasion; to analyze the problems of blood donation in the conditions of martial law.
The main problems of blood donation in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law are: the sharp increase in the need for donor blood to save wounded military and civilian persons has caused an acute shortage of its reserves; the logistics of the supply of donor blood are complicated by hostilities, which jeopardizes the timeliness of providing assistance to the wounded; need to expand benefits and social guarantees for donors as persons involved in the defense measures of the state.
The Criminal Code of Ukraine establishes liability for coercion to donate blood and its components through physical or psychological violence. Such criminal acts are classified as serious crimes against the will and health of a person, punishable by long-term imprisonment. To prevent such crimes, it is necessary not only to punish, but also to popularize the ethical principles of voluntary donation among the population.
In the conditions of martial law, donors should be equated with volunteers or doctors on the front line with a corresponding extension of their benefits. In particular, it is possible to propose: an increase in the duration of paid leave after the donation; priority provision of sanatorium-resort health care; exemption from taxation, etc.
For the maximum involvement of the population in donating blood and blood components, it is necessary to carry out appropriate educational work, to form a sense of social responsibility among citizens.
Key words: donation, blood, blood components, recipient, donation benefits, contraindications, criminal liability.
References
- Telestakova A. A., Verbenets A. S. Pravo na donorstvo krovi. In The XIII International Science Conference
«Perspective of science and practice», December 13–15, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 322 p. 2022. S. 122. - Osnovy zakonodavstva Ukrainy pro okhoronu zdorovia: Zakon Ukrainy vid 19.11.1992 № 2801-XII. URL:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2801-12#Text (data zvernennia: 04.03.2024) - Pro bezpeku ta yakist donorskoi krovi ta komponentiv krovi: Zakon Ukrainy vid 30.09.2020 № 931-IX. URL:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/931-20#Text (data zvernennia: 04.03.2024) - Pro infektsiinu bezpeku donorskoi krovi ta yii komponentiv: Nakaz MOZ Ukrainy vid 01.08.2005 № 385,
zareiestrovanyi v Ministerstvi yustytsii 16.08.2005 za № 896/11176 (iz zminamy, vnesenymy nakazom MOZ
Ukrainy № 207 vid 08.02.2021). URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0895-05#Text (data zvernennia:
04.03.2024) - Pro posylennia zakhodiv shchodo zabezpechennia infektsiinoi bezpeky donorskoi krovi v Ukraini: Nakaz
MOZ Ukrainy vid 01.02.2001 № 37/5. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0037282-01#Text (data
zvernennia: 04.03.2024). - Iliushchenkova K. O. Tendentsii i yurydychni modeli donorstva krovi v Ukraini ta zarubizhnykh krainakh:
porivnialno-pravova kharakterystyka. Pravo i suspilstvo. 2016. № 1 (2). S. 74–76. - Dichko H. O. Pravove rehuliuvannia donorstva krovi ta yii komponentiv v umovakh voiennoho stanu. Pravovi
problemy suchasnoi transformatsii okhorony zdorovia 2022: zb. materialiv nauk.-prakt. konferentsii z mizhnar.
uchastiu (m. Zaporizhzhia, 26–27 travnia 2022 r.) / za zah. red. Yu. M. Kolesnyka. Zaporizhzhia: ZDMU, 2022.
C. 62–64. - Omelchenko O. Systema krovi ukrainy yak element natsionalnoi biobezpeky u sferi okhorony zdorovia v
umovakh viiny. Teoriia i praktyka intelektualnoi vlasnosti. 2023. № 1-2. S. 97–104. - Pro vnesennia zmin do Poriadku zadovolennia potreb syl bezpeky ta syl oborony u donorskii krovi ta
komponentakh krovi v umovakh voiennoho stanu: Postanova KMU vid 05.09.2023 roku № 943. URL: https://
zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/943-2023-%D0%BF#Text (data zvernennia: 10.12.2023) - Kryminalnyi kodeks Ukrainy vid 05.04.2001 № 2341-ІІI. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-
14#Text (data zvernennia: 10.03.2024) - Protsenko V. V., Protsenko I. V. Kryminalno-pravovi ta kryminolohichni aspekty zlochyniv, poviazanykh iz
donorstvom orhaniv abo tkanyn liudyny. Prykarpatskyi yurydychnyi visnyk. 2018. Vypusk 3(24). S. 145–151.
Iryna Ihorivna Kravchuk,
Associate Professor of the Department of Law
Polish National University,
Candidate of Law, Associate Professor
ORCID: 0000-0002-9040-6930
Anna Ruslanivna Khotshka,
4th year student of specialty 081 "Law"
Polish National University