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  5. Criminal law protection of state security of Ukraine

Almanac of law. Issue 15 (2024), pages 44–51.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2024-15-44-51

Kvasha O. O.
Criminal law protection of state security of Ukraine

The ten-year-long Russian-Ukrainian war actualized not only the problem of improving domestic criminal legislation, but also the revision of established concepts and approaches in legal science. First of all, it is about the criminal law protection of the foundations of national security. Since 2014, the number of crimes against the foundations of Ukraine’s national security has increased exponentially. The history of Ukraine in the 21st century shows that a weak state is unable to protect the rights and freedoms of its citizens guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine. Therefore, the priority goal of the national security strategy is undoubtedly the security of the state. It is the state that is the imperative of the hierarchy of values of criminal law protection, because its vulnerability and insecurity causes threats to every person and poses a danger to Ukrainian society as a whole. The state has the duty to create an effective system of protection of its own security to ensure the rights and freedoms of its citizens, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine. There is a need to revise the structure of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and its terminological apparatus, in particular the title of the first section of the Special Part. Ukrainian realities show that the activities of criminal organizations such as «DPR» and «LPR» are directed against the Ukrainian state, and therefore they cannot be recognized as purely terrorist. «State security» and «state security» in the criminal law dimension are identical, like «human rights» and «human rights». In this context, the position of the developers of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine, where book 9 entitled «Criminal offenses against the state and national security of Ukraine» takes place, is important. The importance of the state as an object of criminal law protection has been downplayed at all levels in an extremely dangerous and short-sighted way for many years. A weak and unprotected state is unable to protect its citizens, their rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine. Effective criminal law protection of state security is a «conditio sine qua non» for the protection of human rights and freedoms in Ukraine. Reasonable expediency of changing the title of Chapter I of the Special Part of the Criminal Code to «Crimes against the State», which, in particular, should provide for the criminal liability of criminal organizations of anti-state/anti-Ukrainian orientation.

Key words: national security, state security, state security, criminal organization, terrorist organization, object of criminal law protection, anti-state orientation, anti-Ukrainian orientation, war, peace, criminal liability, regulatory legislation.

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Oksana Oleksandrivna Kvasha,
Member of the High Council of Justice,
Leading Researcher
of the V. M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law, NAS of Ukraine,
Doctor of Law, Professor
ORCID: 0000-0002-9832-6070

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