Almanac of law. Issue 15 (2024), pages 654–659.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2024-15-654-659

Chervinska L. V.
On the Problem of Normative Definition of the Concept of «Official Document» in the Criminal Code of Ukraine

der Articles 357 «Forgery of Documents, Seals, Stamps and Forms, Sale or Use of Forged Documents, Seals, Stamps», 358 «Forgery of Documents, Seals, Stamps and Forms, Sale or Use of Forged Documents, Seals, Stamps», 366 «Official Forgery» of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author analyzes the legal regulation of circulation of official documents of Ukraine and establishes the legislator’s approach to determining the content of a document, an official document, and its subtypes — paper and electronic official documents. The study of the regulatory consolidation and doctrinal development of the features of an official document demonstrates that there are differences in the regulatory consolidation of the features of an official document in various legal acts, including the Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, the «set» of features of the concept of «official document» in the Criminal Code of Ukraine is the most complete compared to the features of this concept in other legal acts. It is proposed to distinguish two groups of features of an official document as the subject matter of criminal offenses under Articles 357, 358, 366 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: officialdom and content. The official nature of the document implies, first of all, the existence of the subject of its issuance, which must be authorized to draw up and/ or issue or certify an official document in accordance with the procedure provided for by the legislation of Ukraine, as well as the existence of a legally prescribed form of the document (paper or electronic), which also includes mandatory details of the document specified by regulatory legal acts. The content of an official document implies that the document must contain information recorded on any material carriers that confirms or certifies certain events, phenomena or facts that have caused or may cause legal consequences or can be used as evidence documents in law enforcement activities.

Key words: document, official document, forgery, forgery in office, criminal offense, subject matter of a criminal offense, criminal liability, official document, document content, legal consequences, electronic document.

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Lyubov Volodymyrivna Chervinska,
Postgraduate Student at the V. M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law, NAS of Ukraine
ORCID: 0009-0000-0507-0022