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  5. The genesis of the mediation institute as a dispute resolution tool in public-legal relations

Almanac of law. Issue 16 (2025), pages 348–353.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2025-16-348-353

Astreiko V. V.
The genesis of the mediation institute as a dispute resolution tool in public-legal relations

The article highlights the historical development of the institution of mediation and its relationship with the evolution of mechanisms of reconciliation and mediation in different cultures. Initially, mediation was not enshrined in law and operated through oral traditions that contributed to the peaceful resolution of conflicts. In particular, in Ancient Rome, in the Laws of the XII Tables, the possibility of peaceful resolution of conflicts before the start of the trial was first recorded, which became the first written evidence of the use of reconciliation. Similar practices existed in Ancient Greece, where the institution of “proxenia” was aimed at the peaceful resolution of disputes between cities and foreigners.

In Ukraine, the first elements of mediation can be observed as early as the times of Kyiv Rus, when the “Ruska Pravda” established the possibility of replacing blood feud with monetary compensation. Although this was not a direct conciliatory procedure, it gradually formed the foundations of restorative justice. The development of mediation in Ukraine took place under the influence of various legal traditions, in particular the Polish-Lithuanian legal heritage and Magdeburg law, which was actively used in the Lithuanian statutes of the 16th–18th centuries, which established the possibility of resolving disputes with the help of mediators.

 The institution of mediation was also an important element of the judicial practice of the Zaporizhian Sich, where reconciliation between the parties was encouraged. Already in the second half of the twentieth century, in particular in Anglo-Saxon countries, mediation began to develop actively through special courses and regulatory legal acts that determined its application in judicial practice. In Europe, Great Britain became the first country to integrate mediation mechanisms into the system of alternative dispute resolution.

Thus, the institution of mediation has gone through numerous stages of development, under the influence of different legal traditions and cultures, and today is an important tool for the peaceful settlement of public-law disputes in modern legal systems. However, to ensure the possibility of using mediation in resolving public-law disputes in Ukraine, this institution requires more detailed study and clear regulatory regulation.

Key words: mediation, public-legal relations, public-legal dispute, administrative body, alternative methods of dispute resolution. 

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