Almanac of law. Issue 17 (2026), pages 147–153.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2026-17-147-153

Ryndiuk V. І.
The legal nature of individual acts-documents as a result of law implementation

The subject of the proposed scientific study is individual acts-documents as a result of law implementation. When legal literature discusses acts-documents as results of law implementation (individual acts), the main focus is traditionally placed on acts of law application (law-enforcement acts) of public authorities and their officials. In particular, there is a fairly frequent identification of the concepts of “individual” and “law-application” legal acts as the results of law implementation. However, an equally numerous group of acts-documents of law implementation (individual acts) consists of acts-documents of individuals and legal entities in which their rights and obligations are directly realized. After all, legal norms can be implemented both with the participation of public authorities in law-enforcement activities and without them (direct implementation of law).

The article provides a comprehensive general theoretical study of the legal nature of individual acts-documents as a result of law implementation. It is noted that a unified understanding of the definition of an individual act-document by the scientific community and the legislator is critical for forming a consistent theory of law implementation and overcoming terminological inconsistency in domestic legislation. It is established that in the broadest sense, The article provides a comprehensive general theoretical study of the legal nature of individual acts-documents as a result of law implementation. It is noted that a unified understanding of the definition of an individual act-document by the scientific community and the legislator is critical for forming a consistent theory of law implementation and overcoming terminological inconsistency in domestic legislation. It is established that in the broadest sense, an act-document of law implementation (individual act) should be considered as an external expression of the will of subjects of power, individuals, and legal entities in the form of a written document (paper or electronic) that implements legal norms in specific situations. It is substantiated that individual acts cover not only law-enforcement decisions of public authorities (mediated law implementation) but also acts of direct implementation of rights and obligations by individuals and legal entities. In turn, the most significant criterion for the classification of acts-documents of direct law implementation is the specifics of the expression of will by the subjects of law (individuals and legal entities): the expression of will by one person or the coordinated expression of will by two or more persons (individual legal contracts). Acts-documents of law implementation are quite diverse, cover all branches of law, and are the subject of further scientific research.

Keywords: law implementation, acts of law implementation, individual legal acts, acts of law application, acts of direct law implementation, individual legal contracts.

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Дата першого надходження рукопису до видання: 24.02.2026
Дата прийнятого до друку рукопису після рецензування: 09.04.2026
Дата публікації: 30.04.2026