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  5. Responsibility of the state of Ukraine for damage caused to the property of citizens as a result of military actions in the mechanism of exercising the right to such restitution (compensation

Almanac of law. Issue 17 (2026), pages 200–207.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2026-17-200-207

Koroied S. О.
Responsibility of the state of Ukraine for damage caused to the property of citizens as a result of military actions in the mechanism of exercising the right to such restitution (compensation

The article defines the limits of the liability of the state of Ukraine for damage caused to the property of citizens as a result of military actions, in the mechanism of exercising the right to such restitution (compensation). A scientific and practical analysis of the judicial practice of the Supreme Court in civil cases, the subject of which were claims for compensation for such damage, brought specifically against the state of Ukraine, is given, and the grounds on which such claims are based were systematized. It is established that the filing of such claims was due, in some cases, to the use of property by servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for military purposes, as a result of which the property was damaged, in other cases to damage to property was a result of a “terrorist act” or “emergency situation”, in other cases it was the impossibility of executing a court judgment, which awarded the amount of recovery from the aggressor state for aggression against Ukraine in favor of the victim. Such cases from judicial practice indicate the relevance of the issue of the liability (its limits) of the state of Ukraine in the mechanism of exercising the right to restitution (compensation) for such damage, which has not only theoretical significance for substantiating the presence or absence of grounds for such liability, but also practical, related to the introduction of effective mechanisms for the implementation of compensation payments by the state as a guarantee of the restoration of the violated rights of owners by the destruction or damage to their property as a result of military actions on the territory of Ukraine, which is necessary to ensure the principles of legal certainty and predictability in the mechanism of exercising the right to such restitution (compensation). The conducted scientific and practical analysis of judicial practice made it possible to establish that the above cases are united by a single approach, according to which the state of Ukraine implemented its positive material (compensatory) obligation to protect the right of property by determining rules aimed at restoring the rights of victims as a result of, in particular, the death of civilians and damage to property due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the civil liability of the state of Ukraine for damage in connection with the destruction or damage to the property of citizens on its territory as a result of military actions is excluded, since the legislation of Ukraine and the norms of international humanitarian law impose responsibility for such damage on the aggressor state. At the same time, the legislation establishes an extrajudicial procedure for determining the amount of damage and their compensation to the owners in a limited amount assumed by the state of Ukraine. It is noted that this does not exclude judicial jurisdiction for the purpose of resolving disputes between the owner and the state in cases where the state denies the grounds for paying such compensation, as well as contesting its amount. Since in this case the judicial procedure will be used not as a mechanism for realizing the right of the victim to receive such restitution (compensation), but as a means of monitoring the fulfillment by the state of the obligation assumed as a guarantee of compensation to the victim for the violated right of ownership.

Keywords: liability, harm, property, damage, military actions, owner, victim, state of Ukraine, restitution, compensation, aggressor.

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Дата першого надходження рукопису до видання: 16.02.2026
Дата прийнятого до друку рукопису після рецензування: 09.04.2026
Дата публікації: 30.04.2026

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