Укр Eng
+380 (44) 278-80-24
“Almanac of Law”
  1. Home
  2.  ⇒ 
  3. Almanac of law. Issue 17 (2026)
  4.  ⇒ 
  5. Mechanism for the enforcement of individual’ environmental rights under martial law: limits of the European model and formation of an expanded paradigm

Almanac of law. Issue 17 (2026), pages 74–80.

DOI: 10.33663/2524-017X-2026-17-74-80

Malysheva N. R.
Mechanism for the enforcement of individual’ environmental rights under martial law: limits of the European model and formation of an expanded paradigm

The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the mechanism for the implementation of individual environmental rights under martial law. It is argued that the European model of implementation, shaped by the standards of the Aarhus Convention and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in applying the European Convention on Human Rights, is predominantly procedural and preventive in nature and designed to function within a stable legal order. This model prioritizes access to environmental information, public participation in decision-making, and access to justice, while focusing on ex ante assessment and regulatory compliance.

The study demonstrates that martial law significantly transforms the structural parameters of the implementation mechanism. Security considerations lead to restrictions on public participation, limited access to environmentally relevant information, and simplified environmental impact assessment procedures. Such transformations expose the functional limits of the European procedural model when applied in conditions of systemic risk, institutional instability, and large-scale environmental degradation caused by armed conflict.

In response, the article substantiates the need for an expanded paradigm of environmental rights implementation. This paradigm integrates procedural guarantees with the principles of proportionality and temporality of security-related restrictions, risk-oriented governance, mandatory documentation and assessment of environmental damage, and legally ensured ecological recovery and reconstruction. Within this framework, implementation is no longer viewed as the final stage of norm application but as a continuous, multi-level governance process aimed at ensuring resilience, adaptability, and post-conflict ecosystem restoration. The proposed conceptual shift preserves the axiological core of the European model while extending its functional scope to address the challenges of wartime and post-war recovery in Ukraine.

Keywords: environmental rights; lawmaking; law enforcement; martial law; EU law; principles of environmental law; environmental safety; nature conservation law, specially protected natural areas, risk governance; environmental recovery.

 References

  1. Kobetska N. R. Ekolohichni prava hromadian Ukrainy: Avtoref. dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk. Kyiv, 1998 (in ).
  2. Krasnova M. V., Krasnova A. Realizatsiia ta zakhyst ekolohichnykh prav hromadian: teoretyko-pravovi aspekty: naukove vydannia. Kyiv: FOP Yamchynskyi O. V., 2021 (in Ukr.).
  3. Baliuk H. I., Vlasenko Yu. L., Kovalchuk T. H. Subiektyvni ekolohichni prava hromadian Ukrainy: pravovi problemy zmistu i Analitychne-porivnialne pravoznavstvo. 2024. № 6. S. 425–434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.06. (in Ukr.).
  4. Yaremak V. Spetsialnyi ekoloho-pravovyi status ta potreba yoho zakonodavchoho zakriplennia. Dovkillieve zakonodavstvo Ukrainy ta zakhyst ekolohichnykh prav hromadian v umovakh yevrointehratsii: zbirnyk materialiv Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (m. Ivano-Frankivsk, 21 lystopada 2025 r.) / Red. kolehiia: N. R. Malysheva, Z. V. Yaremak, L. R. Danyliuk. Ivano-Frankivsk: Holinei O. V., 2025. 277 s. (in Ukr.).
  5. Turner J., Shelton D.L., Razzaque J., McIntyre O., May J. R., eds. In: Environmental Rights: The Development of Standards. Cambridge University Press; 2019:iii-iii
  6. Lysenkov L. Mekhanizm pravovoho rehuliuvannia realizatsii subiektyvnykh prav i svobod. Visnyk Akademii advokatury Ukrainy. 2006. № 5. URL: http: //nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/vaau_2006_5_5 (in Ukr.).
  7. Berlit A. Iu. Administratyvno-pravovyi mekhanizm realizatsii ta zakhystu subʼiektyvnykh publichnykh ekolohichnykh prav: Seriia: novi hrani administratyvnoho prava Ukrainy. Vydavnychyi dim «Helvetyka», 2021. 156 s. (in Ukr.).
  8. Environment and the Convention on Human Rights: Factsheet / European Court of Human Rights. URL: https://echr.coe.int/documents
  9. Skakun F. Teoriia derzhavy i prava: pidruchnyk. Kharkiv: Konsum, 2001 (in Ukr.).
  10. The Concept of By H. L. A. Hart. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961, 263 p.
  11. The effectiveness of Environmental Law. Edited by Sandrine Maljean-Dubois. Cambridge — Antwerp –Portland : Intersentia. 2017. 348 p.
  12. Pye , Skinner I., Meyer-Ohlendorf N., Leipprand A., Lucas K., Salmons R. Addressing the social dimensions of environmental policy. European Commission. URL: SFISD stude_final.pdf.
  13. Falkner , Threib O. Three Worlds of Compliance or Four? The EU-15 Compared to New Member States. JCMS. 2008 Volume 46. Number 2. URL: https://www.eui.eu/Documents/DepartmentsCentres/ AcademyofEuropeanLaw/CourseMaterialsUL/UL2009/Conant/ConantReading2.pdf
  14. Habermas J. Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy Jurgen Habermas, translated by William Second printing, 1996. 632 p. URL: https://teddykw2.wordpress.com/
  15. Dyrektyva Yevropeiskoho Parlamentu i Rady 2011/92/IeS vid 13 hrudnia 2011 roku pro otsiniuvannia vplyvu deiakykh publichnykh i pryvatnykh proektiv na dovkillia (kodyfikatsiia). URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/984_022-11#Text
  16. Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the URL: https://compass27.info/
  17. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2000/60/oj/eng
  18. Malysheva Bahatovymirni vyklyky i zahrozy: vyprobuvannia ta stymul dlia dovkillievoi pravotvorchosti v Ukraini. Pravo Ukrainy. 2025. № 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33498/louu-2025-08-012 (in Ukr.).
  19. Malysheva N. R. Osoblyvosti zdiisnennia publichnoi vlady v dovkillievii sferi v umovakh voiennoho stanu. Pravovi zasady orhanizatsii ta zdiisnennia publichnoi vlady: zbirnyk tez VIII Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii, prysviachenoi svitlii pamiati doktora yurydychnykh nauk, profesora, akademika-zasnovnyka NAPrNU, pershoho Holovy Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy Leonida Petrovycha Yuzkova (m. Khmelnytskyi, 16 travnia 2025 roku). Khmelnytskyi: Khmelnytskyi universytet upravlinnia ta prava imeni Leonida Yuzkova, 2025. 422 s. (in Ukr.).
  20. HFS Horizons Sustainability Services 2024 report. URL: https://www.ibm.com/account/reg/us-en/signup?formid=urx-53359
  21. The Cambridge Handbook of Disaster Law and Risk, Recovery, and Redevelopment. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 October 2022. Edited by Susan S. Kuo, John Travis Mashhall and Ryan Rowberry. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=John%20Travis%20Marshall&eventCode=SE-AU 
  22. Kontseptsiia systematyzatsii dovkillievoho zakonodavstva Ukrainy : naukova zapyska / R. Malysheva, I. Oleshchenko, N. D. Krasilich, O. M. Kovtun, Z. V. Yaremak. Kyiv: Yurinkom Inter, Instytut derzhavy i prava imeni V. M. Koretskoho NAN Ukrainy, 2025. 68 s.

Дата першого надходження рукопису до видання: 03.03.2026
Дата прийнятого до друку рукопису після рецензування: 09.04.2026
Дата публікації: 30.04.2026

 

Back to contents